Culture is a modern concept based on a term first used in classical antiquity by the Roman orator, Cicero:"cultura animi". The term "culture," which originally meant the cultivation of the soul or mind, acquires most of its later modern meanings in the writings of the 18th-century German thinkers, who on various levels developing Rosseau's criticism of modern liberalism and enlightenment. Thus a contrast between "culture" and "civilization" is usually implied in these authors, even when not expressed as such. Two primary meanings of culture emerge from this period: culture as the folk-spirit having a unique identity, and culture as cultivation of inwardness or free individuality. The first meaning is predominant in our current use of the term "culture," although the second still plays a large role in what we think culture should achieve, namely the full "expression" of the unique of "authentic" self.
The word civilization comes from the Latin civilis, meaning civil, related to the Latin civis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city or city-state. Civilization is a sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to the material and instrumental side of human cultures that are complex in terms of technology, science, and division of labour.
The level of advancement of a civilization is often measured by its progress in agriculture, long-distance trade, occupational specialization, a special governing class, and urban-ism. Aside from these core elements, a civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed transportation system, writing, standardized measurement, currency, contractual, and tort- based legal systems, characteristic art and architecture, mathematics, enhanced scientific understanding, metallurgy, political structures, and organized religion.
Assignment 1- Graphical Timeline + Journal
For Project 1, we were required to produce an A2 graphical timeline that consisted of issues related to the geography, economy, politics and culture of India's ancient civilizations. Besides that, individually, we were required to produce an A5 size culture journal on the chosen civilization.
3D Timeline
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| Perspective of Timeline 01 |
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| Perspective of Timeline 02 |
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| Perspective of Timeline 03 |
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| Puzzles placed in order |
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| Information of Cambodia behind each puzzle |
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| History background of the 12 Great Kings of Cambodia Journal |
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| Empty Journal |
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| Journal 01 |
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| Journal 02 |
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| Journal 03 |
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| Journal 04 |
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| Journal 05 |
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| Journal 06 Reflection |
The learning outcomes intended for this project were to describe the historical development of human civilization, to develop skills of data gathering and to demonstrate good documentation and presentation skills. Besides the learning outcomes, the objectives of this assignment were to introduce Western and Eastern culture and civilizations thought an overview of archaeological discoveries, ancient monuments, artworks, philosophies and the achievements of great leaders from the past to the present as well as to show basic skills on inquiry investigation, application and presentation of relevant information.
After completing this assignment, I had a further understanding on the history of Cambodia and the development of its political, economical, social & cultural issues in the country. The information have to be searched through the net or by searching the books in the library in order to get the sufficient information. According to my research on the country, I found out that the country itself had been ruled by 12 great Kings for a long period of time. Among the great kings that had ruled the country are Jayavarman, Suryavarman, etc.
After completing this assignment, I had a further understanding on the history of Cambodia and the development of its political, economical, social & cultural issues in the country. The information have to be searched through the net or by searching the books in the library in order to get the sufficient information. According to my research on the country, I found out that the country itself had been ruled by 12 great Kings for a long period of time. Among the great kings that had ruled the country are Jayavarman, Suryavarman, etc.
Assignment 2- Messages from the Past
For Project 2, we were required to produce a play in a video format for about 20-25 minutes, based on a specific civilization, which in our case was The Malay Chronicles: Bloodlines. The video had to be based on themes such as sociology, engineering, archeology, myths and legends of the civilization. Individually, we were required to produce a journal of our character that would demonstrate the understanding of the elements mentioned above.
Process of Video Shooting
Journal of my character in the video- The Tiger Warrior
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| Journal 01 |
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| Journal 02 |
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| Journal 03 |
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| Journal 04 Reflection |
The learning outcomes intended for this project were to recall the development of Eastern and Western human civilizations in the past as well as the present and to demonstrate good documentation and presentation skills. Besides that, the objectives of this project was to enable us to examine the similarities and differences between Eastern and Western civilizations as well as to enable us to show basic skills on inquiry investigation, application and presentation of relevant information.
After completing this assignment, I had possessed the skill to design a set of costume besides from creating a story line for a video shooting. Besides, I realized that teamwork is really important in completing an assignment like this that required team corporation. In this assignment, it is quite clear that our group had successfully cooperated among ourselves in producing the video.
Assignment 3- Art + Culture + Architecture
For our final project, we were required to produce an A5 graphical coffee table book based on the themes given, which in my case was Architecture. Based on these themes, we were then supposed to determine a concept which we had to abide to throughout the entire book, which in my case was Lights. Later on, we were also required to produce a literature research on the places we visited during our photography journey. My site was the Petaling Street.
CNC Coffee Book- 'Step by step'
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| Cover page of coffee book |
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| Content of coffee book |
Journal of CNC Coffee Book
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| Journal 01 |
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| Journal 02 |
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| Journal 03 Reflection |
The learning outcomes intended for this project were describe the historical development of human civilizations, to recall the development of Eastern and Western human civilizations in the past and in the present and to demonstrate good documentation and presentation skills. The objectives of this project was to introduce the Western and Eastern culture and civilizations through an overview of archaeological discoveries, ancient monuments, artworks, philosophy and the achievement of the leaders from the past to the present as well as to show basic skills on inquiry, investigation, application and presentation of relevant information.
After completing this assignment, I realized that I have possessed the ability to capture nice pictures of buildings & peoples and compile them into a photo book using Indesign, a function used to create photo book. Besides, I had now understand more about the street that I am capturing video of, which is the Petaling Street located in KL. Through capturing pictures of the buildings and people's there, I understand the human culture in the street where people wake up early in the morning to set up stalls till late at night.
After completing this assignment, I realized that I have possessed the ability to capture nice pictures of buildings & peoples and compile them into a photo book using Indesign, a function used to create photo book. Besides, I had now understand more about the street that I am capturing video of, which is the Petaling Street located in KL. Through capturing pictures of the buildings and people's there, I understand the human culture in the street where people wake up early in the morning to set up stalls till late at night.
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